Kalozera Wowunika Ubwino wa Zoseweretsa Zofewa

Kuyang'anira zoseweretsa zofewa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga, chifukwa zimawonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chimakwaniritsa chitetezo, zida, komanso magwiridwe antchito.Kuyang'anira zaubwino ndikofunikira pantchito zoseweretsa zofewa, chifukwa zoseweretsa zofewa nthawi zambiri zimagulidwa kwa ana ndipo ziyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo okhwima otetezedwa.

Mitundu ya Zoseweretsa Zofewa:

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zoseweretsa zofewa pamsika, kuphatikiza zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali, nyama zophatikizika, zidole, ndi zina.Zoseweretsa zamtundu wanji ndi zoseweretsa zofewa, zokomerana zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi nsalu komanso zodzaza ndi zofewa.Zinyama zodzaza ndi zinthu zimafanana ndi zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali koma nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zifanane ndi nyama zenizeni.Zidole ndi zoseweretsa zofewa zomwe mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndi manja anu kuti mupange chinyengo chakuyenda.Mitundu ina ya zoseweretsa zofewa ndi monga ana a beanie, mapilo, ndi zina.

Miyezo Yoyang'anira Ubwino:

Pali miyezo ingapo yomwe zidole zofewa ziyenera kukwaniritsa kuti ziziwoneka zotetezeka komanso zapamwamba.Miyezo yachitetezo pazoseweretsa zofewa imaphatikizapo ASTM (American Society for Testing and Equipment) ndi EN71 (European standard for toy safety).Miyezo iyi imakhudza zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo, kuphatikiza zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomanga, komanso zolembera.

Zida ndi zomangamanga zimatsimikizira kuti zoseweretsa zofewa zimapangidwa ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimamangidwa m'njira yomwe imatsimikizira kulimba komanso chitetezo.Mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito amawonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chikuwoneka chokongola komanso chimagwira ntchito momwe amafunira.

Kodi Muyezo wa Chitetezo cha Chidole cha ASTM F963 Ndi Chiyani?

ASTM F963 ndi muyezo wachitetezo chazidole chomwe American Society idapangira Testing and Materials (ASTM).Ndilo malangizo ndi zofunikira pamasewera omwe amapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ana osakwana zaka 14.Muyezowu umakhudza zoseweretsa zambiri, kuphatikiza zidole, zidole, zidole, seti, zoseweretsa, ndi zida zina zamasewera za achinyamata.

Muyezowu umathana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo, kuphatikiza zoopsa zakuthupi ndi zamakina, kuyaka, ndi zoopsa zamakhemikolo.Zimaphatikizanso zofunikira pamalemba ochenjeza ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.Cholinga cha muyezowu ndikuthandizira kuonetsetsa kuti zoseweretsa zili zotetezeka kuti ana azisewera nazo komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chovulala kapena kufa chifukwa cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi zoseweretsa.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F963, yomwe imadziwika kuti "The Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety," ndi muyezo wotetezedwa ndi zidole wopangidwa ndi American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) womwe umagwira ntchito pamitundu yonse yamasewera. kulowa United States.Lamulo la bungwe lovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansili likunena kuti zoseweretsa ndi zinthu za ana ziyenera kutsatizana ndi mankhwala, makina, ndi njira zoyaka moto zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Kuyesa Kwamakina kwa ASTM F963

ASTM F963 imaphatikizapokuyesa kwamakinazofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zoseweretsa ndi otetezeka ana kusewera nawo.Mayesowa adapangidwa kuti aziwunika mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zoseweretsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zilibe nsonga zakuthwa, mfundo, ndi zoopsa zina zomwe zingayambitse kuvulala.Ena mwa mayeso amakina omwe akuphatikizidwa muyeso ndi awa:

1. Kuthwa m'mphepete ndi kuyesa mfundo: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuthwa kwa m'mphepete ndi mfundo zoseweretsa.Chidolecho chimayikidwa pamtunda wathyathyathya, ndipo mphamvu imayikidwa pamphepete kapena kumalo.Ngati chidolecho chikulephera mayeso, chiyenera kukonzedwanso kapena kusinthidwa kuti chiwononge ngozi.
2. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu: Chiyesochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mphamvu ya zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoseweretsa.Zitsanzo zakuthupi zimayikidwa mwamphamvu mpaka zitasweka.Mphamvu yofunikira kuti iphwanye chitsanzocho imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kulimba kwa zinthuzo.
3. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu: Chiyesochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuthekera kwa chidole kuti chitha kupirira.Kulemera kumatsitsidwa pachidolecho kuchokera pamtunda wodziwika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka zomwe zimasungidwa ndi chidolecho zimawunikidwa.
4. Mayeso oponderezedwa: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuthekera kwa chidole kuti chitha kupirira kupsinjika.Katundu amayikidwa pa chidolecho molunjika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mapindikidwe opangidwa ndi chidole kumawunikidwa.

Kuyesa kwa ASTM F963 Flammability

ASTM F963 imaphatikizanso zofunikira pakuyesa kuyaka kuti zidole zisakhale ndi ngozi yamoto.Mayeserowa adapangidwa kuti ayese kuyaka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoseweretsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zoseweretsa sizikuthandizira kufalikira kwa moto.Ena mwa mayeso oyatsira omwe akuphatikizidwa muyeso ndi awa:

1. Kuyesa kuyaka pamwamba: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyaka kwa pamwamba pa chidole.Lawi lamoto limayikidwa pamwamba pa chidole kwa nthawi yodziwika, ndipo kufalikira kwa lawi ndi kulimba kwake kumawunikidwa.
2. Mayeso ang'onoang'ono akuyaka: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyaka kwa tizigawo tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuchotsedwa ku chidole.Lawi lamoto limayikidwa pagawo laling'ono, ndipo kufalikira kwa lawi ndi kulimba kumawunikidwa.
3. Mayeso oyaka pang'onopang'ono: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuthekera kwa chidole kukana kuyaka chikasiyidwa.Chidolecho amachiika m’ng’anjo yamoto n’kuchiika pa kutentha kwapadera kwa nyengo yoikidwiratu—mlingo umene chidolecho chimawotchera umawunikidwa.

Kuyesa kwa Chemical kwa ASTM F963

ASTM F963 imaphatikizapokuyezetsa mankhwalazofunikira zowonetsetsa kuti zoseweretsa sizikhala ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe ana angalowe kapena kuzikoka.Mayesowa adapangidwa kuti ayese kukhalapo kwa mankhwala ena muzoseweretsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sakudutsa malire omwe atchulidwa.Ena mwa mayeso a mankhwala omwe ali muyeso ndi awa:

1. Mayeso otsogolera: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kukhalapo kwa lead muzoseweretsa.Mtovu ndi chitsulo chapoizoni chomwe chimatha kuvulaza ana akalowetsedwa kapena kuukoka.Kuchuluka kwa mtovu wopezeka pachidolecho kumayezedwa kuonetsetsa kuti sikudutsa malire ololedwa.
2. Mayeso a Phthalate: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kupezeka kwa phthalates muzoseweretsa.Phthalates ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mapulasitiki azitha kusinthasintha, koma amatha kuvulaza ana akalowetsedwa kapena kukomoka.Kuchuluka kwa phthalates pachidole kumayesedwa kuti kuwonetsetse kuti sikudutsa malire ovomerezeka.
3. Mayeso a Volatile Organic Compact (TVOC): Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupezeka kwa ma volatile organic compounds (VOCs) muzoseweretsa.Ma VOC ndi mankhwala omwe amatuluka mumlengalenga ndipo amatha kutulutsa mpweya.Kuchuluka kwa ma VOC pachidole kumayesedwa kuti kuwonetsetse kuti sikudutsa malire ovomerezeka.

Zofunikira Zolemba za ASTM F963

ASTM F963 imaphatikizanso zofunikira pazolemba zochenjeza ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito kuti zidole zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala.Zofunikira izi zapangidwa kuti zipatse ogula chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi chidole komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chidolecho mosamala.Zina mwazofunikira zolembera zomwe zili muyeso ndi:

1. Zolemba zochenjeza: Zolemba chenjezo zimafunikira pazidole zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa ana.Zolembazi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa momveka bwino ndikufotokozera bwino momwe ngoziyo ilili komanso momwe angapewere.
2. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito: Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ofunikira pa zoseweretsa zokhala ndi mbali zomwe zitha kulumikizidwa kapena kupasuka kapena zomwe zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito angapo.Malangizowa ayenera kulembedwa momveka bwino komanso mwachidule komanso akuyenera kukhala osamala kapena machenjezo.
3. Kutengera zaka: Zoseweretsa ziyenera kulembedwa ndi giredi yazaka kuti zithandize ogula kusankha zoseweretsa zoyenererana ndi msinkhu wa ana awo.Msinkhu wawo uyenera kutengera luso la kakulidwe la ana ndi kuwonetsedwa mowonekera pachidole kapena papaketi yake.
4. Dziko Lochokera: Dziko lomwe katunduyo adachokera liyenera kutchulidwa mkati mwazolemba izi.Izi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa pamapaketi azinthu.

Zina mwa Njira zomwe zikukhudzidwa pakuwunika kwa Zoseweretsa Zofewa:

1. Kuyang'anira Zopanga Zisanachitike:

Kuyang'anira kupangandi gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kwaubwino, chifukwa zimathandiza kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingachitike ntchito yopanga isanayambe.Poyang'anira zisanachitike, akatswiri owongolera khalidwe amawunikiranso zikalata zopanga monga zojambula ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukwaniritsa zofunikira ndi zofunikira.Amayang'ananso zopangira ndi zigawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizokwanira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pomaliza.Kuphatikiza apo, amatsimikizira kuti zida ndi njira zopangira zikuyenda bwino ndipo zimatha kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.

2. Kuyang'ana Pamzere:

Kuwunika kwapaintaneti kumayang'anira momwe zinthu zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomwe zamalizidwa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira komanso zofunikira.Akatswiri owongolera khalidwe amafufuza mwachisawawa zinthu zomwe zatha kuti azindikire ndikuwongolera mavuto akabuka.Izi zimathandiza kuti azindikire zolakwika mutangoyamba kumene kupanga komanso kuti asapititsidwe mpaka kumapeto komaliza.

3. Kuyanika komaliza:

Kuwunika komaliza ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zomwe zamalizidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukwaniritsa chitetezo chonse, zida, ndi magwiridwe antchito.Izi zikuphatikiza kuyesa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito ndikuwunika zoyikapo kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizokwanira komanso zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha chidole chofewa.

4. Zochita Zoyenera:

Ngati mavuto azindikirika panthawi yowunikira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa njira zowongolera ndikuletsa kuti zisachitikenso.Izi zingaphatikizepo kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kuti muchepetse ngozi yamtsogolo.

5. Kusunga Zolemba ndi Zolemba:

Kusunga zolembedwa molondola ndi zolembedwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika bwino.Akatswiri owongolera upangiri ayenera kusunga zolemba monga malipoti oyendera, komanso malipoti owongolera kuti awone momwe ntchito ikuyenderakuyendera khalidwesinthani ndikuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika kapena madera omwe akuyenera kusintha.

Kuyang'anira khalidwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga zoseweretsa zofewa, chifukwa zimawonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chikukwaniritsa chitetezo, zida, komanso magwiridwe antchito.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira bwino, opanga amatha kupanga zoseweretsa zofewa zapamwamba zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa ndi zomwe makasitomala amayembekeza.