I. Kuyendera Mould
1.Ambiri aopangaakatswiri opanga magalasibotolo la mowakuchita kupanga kutengera zisamere nkhungu operekedwa ndi makasitomala kapena zisamere pachakudya monga pa zojambula ndi zitsanzo mabotolo, zomwe zingakhudze mbali yofunika ya nkhungu anapanga.Tchifukwa chake gawo lofunikira liyenera kulumikizidwa ndikukambiranad ndi makasitomala popanga nkhungu, kufika pa mgwirizano pamalingaliro osintha.
2.Thepakamwankhungu,nkhungu zopanda kanthundipo anapanga nkhungu yazonsenkhungu zimayenera kufananizidwa musanaperekedwe kufakitale ndipo ziziwunikidwa molingana ndi zojambula kapena zofuna za kasitomala.
II.Kuyang'anira Nkhani Yoyamba
1.2-3 mankhwala a nkhungu iliyonse amasankhidwandichoyamba 10-30 mankhwala opangidwa pambuyo Mumakonda nkhungu pa zida ndi pamaso kulowawaya wa annealedpoyang'ana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, makamaka kukula kwa pakamwa, mkati ndi kunja kwa kamwa, kayakulembapansi ndi zolondola ndi zomveka komanso ngatichitsanzopa botolo thupi ndi zolondola.
2.Pamene botolo linatulutsidwa kuchokerawaya wa annealed, Mtsogoleri wa QC adzasankha zinthu 2-3 kuchokeraanapangamankhwala a nkhungu iliyonse ndi kuchita mayeso mbali zonse malinga ndi zojambula.Themfundo zazikulu kupatula zomwe zili pamwambazi ndikuyeza kwa voliyumu, kuyeza kulemera kwa zinthu, mkati ndi kunja kwa mkamwa.Ngati kuli kofunikira, lembani botolo ndi madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro choperekedwa ndi kasitomala pa msonkhano weniweni, ndikuyesani ngati chingaphimbidwe m'malo mwake komanso ngati chatayikira, ndikukakamizani mkati, atolankhani amkati,asidi ndi alkali kugonjetsedwamayeso.
III.Kuyendera Njira
1.Pamene nkhungu sanali m'malo, kutenga 2 mankhwala kwakuchulukandikuyeza kulemera kwa zinthumaola 2 aliwonse.In Komanso, m'mimba mwake mkati ndi kunja kwa pakamwa adzayesedwa komanso chifukwapakamwankhungu ndizosavuta kuphimba ndi dothi lamafuta pakugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimatsogolera ku chivundikiro chotayirira komansomowakutayikira.
2.Chikombole chatsopanocho chikhoza kusinthidwa panthawi ya ndondomekoyi choncho msonkhano woumba uyenera kudziwitsa mwamsanga msonkhano wa QC pambuyo posintha nkhungu.Msonkhano wa QC uyenera kuchita kuyendera ndi kukonza nkhani yoyambakuyenderakwa mabotolo omwe amapangidwa ndi nkhungu yatsopano kutikupewamavuto khalidwe pambuyom'malochifukwa cha msonkhano wa QC waphonya mayeso a kutayikira.
IV.Kuyang'ana Kwathunthu
Pambuyo pamankhwalakuchotsedwa kuwaya wa annealed, Ogwira ntchito ku QC (kapena mayeso a chipani chachitatu) ayenera kuchitamaonekedwekuyesa zinthu zonse, makamaka:
(1）Botolokuwira: kuwirandiambirivuto pakupanga galasi botolo.Most of QC ogwira ntchito sangathe kudziwa gawo pa mayeso, monga: thekuwira ∮1mmpamwamba pa kusindikiza pamwamba pa botolo pakamwa sikuloledwa;ndikuwira ∮1mmm'munsimu thupi botolo adzakhala osapitirira 6 nos.pa 1cm2;ndikuwirain 1 mm＜∮＜6 mm sichidzapitirira 3 nos.ndi mtunda wa20 mmpamwamba;kuwirapamwamba sikuloledwa, zomwe ndizovuta kuzilamulira ndi kokhaKanemandi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana angagwiritsidwe ntchitokuyerekeza.
(2）Khosi lopindika: makamakachifukwakutipakamwankhungu ndi kupanga nkhungukusagwirizanaed,
(3）Kutsika pansi: zinthu zomwe zili pansi sizikhala ndi theka limodzi ndi kupitirira theka, zomwe zingakhudze khalidwe la mankhwala ndikuwononga mankhwala.
(4）Widz wamsoko wa nkhungu: sizololedwa zimenezomsoko wa nkhungukupitirira 0.5mm pamwamba ndipo ngakhale pali kumverera kwakumetamanja.Makamakachilema choterocho pa kusindikiza pamwamba sikuloledwa.Tchifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti ngati chikombole sichinasindikizidwe m'malo mwake kapena chinapangitsa kuvala, chiyenera kukonzanso, kukonzanso, kukonzanso ndi kusonkhanitsanso.
(5）Mtundu wazinthu: kawirikawiri, mtundu wa zinthu sudzasinthidwa kwambiri, kupatula zigawo za zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito zasinthidwa.It sichidzasintha kawirikawiri, ngatikusanduka wobiriwirakapena buluu, chilinganizo chikhoza kukhalabwinokusinthidwa kuti achotse.
(6）Mkati ndi kunja kwa mkamwa, mkatimphakopakamwa: mkati ndi kunja kwake kwa pakamwa ndi pakhomo ndizosavuta kulephera.M'mimba mwake akunja: nkhungu pakamwa ndi yosavuta kuphimbidwa ndi mafuta dothi pa ntchito, kutsogoleraanti-slipzidachepetsaing, chivundikiro kutsetsereka kumanzere kapena kumanja, osati zothina.Themphakondi zowoneka mkati mwa botolo pakamwa, ndipo mkati pulagi ya chivundikirocho sangakhale olimba pambuyo kulowetsa, zomwe zidzatsogolerakumwa mowa, makamaka chifukwa chakuti zinthuzo ndi zofewa kwambiri, kapena zakuthupi sizimapangika bwino chifukwa cha kukoka kothamanga kwambiri pambuyo pa zinthu zomwe zimalowa munkhungu zopanda kanthu, kapena pachimake ndi chachifupi kwambiri, chomwe chingathe kuthetsedwa nditalikitsaku core.
(7）Basezakuthupi(wokhotabotolo): zifukwa zazikulu ndizomwe zidawo ndizotentha kwambiri (kutenthandi okwera kwambiri) osati kuzizira kwathunthu, kapenachidutswas mvulaed m'munsi pambuyo akamaumba ndi kupanga, kapena anapanga mankhwala sanaikidwe pakatipansi.
(8）Phewa laling'ono: likhozakuchitikato lalikulu vasezambiri chifukwa cha mapangidwe nkhungu.It makamaka kutengera ndizofufutirazochita ndi nthawi (mtundu wazinthu) kuti muteteze mbali yakufa,kuthamangangakhale phewa lalitali.Tchipewa adzachititsa kuti n'zovuta kulamulira mayeso, kutsogolera kusweka lalikulu pamayendedweor mowakudzaza ndi kugulitsa, kumabweretsa kutaya.Tiye rabanyundoangagwiritsidwe ntchito kugogoda mopepuka botolo phewa poyesedwa, ngati pali vuto lililonse, nthawi yomweyo kuganizira ndi kukonza.
(9）Thupi la botoloosanyezimira: thupi ndizidamerandi chifunga ndi osaukakuwonekera, amene makamaka chifukwa pali wosanjikiza umodzi wacarbides pamwamba mkati pambuyo ntchito ndiwothandizirapa nthawi yopanga,amenezitha kuthetsedwa kudzerakumaliza kupukuta.
(10）Zamiyendozakuthupi: Thupi la botolo ndi lotsekeka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kutentha kwa ng'anjo ya dziwe ndikotsika kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosakhwima, kapena kuthamanga kwa makina odyetsera zinthu kumathamanga kwambiri.Kuchepetsa liwiro la makina, kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinthu ndi njira zina kuonetsetsa kutentha kwakusungunukazipangizo mu dziwe.
V. Kusungirako katundundiKuyendera Zitsanzo
Oyang'anira kasamalidwe kabwino (kapena mayeso a chipani chachitatu) azichita sampuli zamagulu opakidwa ndi osungiramo zinthu zomalizidwa molingana ndiMtengo wa AQLndisampulidongosolo.The kuzungulira konse(zigawo zam'mwamba, zapakati ndi zam'munsi) sampling iyenera kuchitidwa momwe zingathere ndipo mayeserowo adzachitidwa motsatira miyezo kapena zofuna za kasitomala.TMagulu omwe akugwirizana nawo ayenera kusungidwa panthawi yake ndikuwunjikidwa bwino ndi zilembo zomveka bwino.TMagulu omwe sanagwirizane nawo adzayikidwa chizindikiro nthawi yomweyo, kupatulidwa ndikufunsidwa kuti abwerere kufakitale mpaka atadutsasampuli yoyenderan.
VI.Ikuyang'ana KwaKukongoletsa Botolo Lowombera
1.Kutembenukira kufiira: izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa kutentha kwambiri ndi liwiro lalamba wa meshndi pang'onopang'ono, ndiye mtundu ntchitoremover opangidwandikuchepetsa anachita.
2.Osaukamphamvu zomatiraof pepala lodetsedwa: kupatula zinthu za pepala lodetsedwa, izi ndizo makamakachifukwakutentha ndikotsika kwambiri.Mapepala odetsedwa ndizosiyanazipangizo zimafunika kutentha kosiyana, choncho kutentha kusinthidwa pamenekukongoletsa kuwombera.
3.Pepala lodetsedwakutulutsa thovu: pali zambiripores pa pepala lodetsedwa la botolo pambuyo pakekukongoletsa kuwombera, zomwe zili chifukwa chakuti thovu lomwe lili mu thovu lothimbirira silinachotsedwe pambuyo pa kumata pepala lodetsedwa, kapenakukongoletsa kuwomberaimachitika pamene madzi pamwamba pa zothimbirira pepala sanali youma.The kuchepetsedwa hydrochloric acidangagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwapula pepala lodetsedwa la zinthuzo ndi zosafananakukongoletsa kuwombera, ndiyeno kubwereza ndondomeko yadecalndikukongoletsa kuwombera.
4.Phukusi losakanikirana ndi zosiyanamowa wosokonezacentrations: chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofanana a botolo ndi zina, kupatula kuchuluka kwa pepala lothimbirira, pochitadecal, kukongoletsa kuwombera, kuyesa ndi phukusi, n'zosavuta kusakaniza phukusi la botolo ndi zosiyanamowa wosokonezacentrations, kuchititsa dandaulo kasitomala ndi khalidwe ngozi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-21-2021